Early serial Q-switched ruby laser therapy for medium-sized to giant congenital melanocytic naevi

Abstract

Medium-sized to giant congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are difficult to treat, especially if the lesions appear on the face or extremities where treated areas are visible and cosmesis is important. In infants, nests of pigmented naevus reside more superficially and the skin is more transparent than in adults, so we treated medium-sized to giant CMN with early serial Q-switched ruby laser therapy from infancy. We treated nine patients with medium-sized to giant CMN on the face or upper limbs from 1 month of age with early serial Q-switched ruby laser therapy. The laser power was initially 5 J cm(-2) and increased in 0.5 J cm(-2) steps to a maximum of 10 J cm(-2). There were three treatment sites on the forehead, one on the temple, one on the cheek and four on the upper arm. It took 8-15 treatments for the CMN to become a colour similar to the surrounding skin. The mean number of treatments was 9.6. The colour was reduced to 0-20% of the colour of the baseline lesion in all nine patients. Partial slight repigmentation occurred in eight of these patients. These naevi were treated with an additional one or two Q-switched ruby laser irradiations and successfully lightened for at least 1 year. In the remaining patient, pigmentation returned to a level similar to the original lesion within 1 month of the last treatment. Therefore, the lesion was excised for cosmetic reasons. After the treatment series, the skin texture was fine and no patients had hypertrophic scarring. Although treatment of one patient with the Q-switched ruby laser therapy failed, the remaining patients responded well and had good to excellent skin texture without hypertrophic scarring. Early serial Q-switched ruby laser treatment, starting from infancy, is a promising treatment method for this condition.