Abstract
Introduction: Early identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides valuable opportunities for effective interventions that reduce the risk of outcomes, particularly renal failure. Objectives: This study aimed to screen the Bangladeshi asymptomatic adult population for CKD to identify potential risk factors for its development. Patients and Methods: The screening program was carried out among the 400 subjects in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh to identify people with the risk of CKD. All the subjects were asymptomatic and previously been never diagnosed with kidney diseases. Demographic data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Urinary protein was tested by dipstick method, and serum creatinine was measured by an auto-analyzer. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by using standard formula. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. Results: A total of 18.2% respondents were found to have likely CKD to whom 82% were in stage 1 and 18% were in stage 2. The majority of the likely CKD respondents (30.1%) were in age >60 years. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly (P=0.0001) higher among previously documented CKD patients compared to the control group. Logistic analysis revealed that after adjustments, CKD showed a significant association with diabetes mellitus (ORs: 7.46, P=0.00), smoking (ORs: 2.36, P=0.02), obesity (ORs: 3.98, P=0.00) and hypertension (ORs: 1.16, P=0.66) compared to control. Conclusion: A substantial number of adults were found to be unaware of the existence of CKD hence, large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders.
Highlights
Identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides valuable opportunities for effective interventions that reduce the risk of outcomes, renal failure
CKD is defined by the kidney damage that is usually detected through certain markers including albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate [1]
The likely CKD subjects were termed as CKD group and non-CKD subjects as control group
Summary
Identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides valuable opportunities for effective interventions that reduce the risk of outcomes, renal failure. Objectives: This study aimed to screen the Bangladeshi asymptomatic adult population for CKD to identify potential risk factors for its development. Patients and Methods: The screening program was carried out among the 400 subjects in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh to identify people with the risk of CKD. Conclusion: A substantial number of adults were found to be unaware of the existence of CKD large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders. Since a substantial number of adults were found to be unaware of the existence of CKD large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders. In Bangladesh, the overall prevalence of CKD was estimated at around 14% [5], while these numbers varied substantially depending on age and other
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