Early recovery of botulism: one decade of experience

Abstract

Background Botulism is a rare but serious disease, which appears in different forms. In this study, we reviewed the clinical features, laboratory data, and outcomes of patients who referred to our tertiary center. Materials and methods All confirmed cases of botulism referred to an academic referral center and a teaching hospital during 2009–2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Results Fifty-three cases of clinical or laboratory-confirmed botulism were examined in this study. Nineteen patients were confirmed by laboratory data (serotype A (89.5%) and serotype E (10.5%)). In seven cases, the cause of botulism was unclear. In two patients, systemic symptoms emerged after the therapeutic injection of botulinum neurotoxin. The majority of cases (83%) were caused by an obvious food source. In 66% of cases, the initial symptoms emerged within less than 36 h, while in 20.8% of cases, the symptoms developed within or after 36 h; however, in seven patients that their botulism sources were unclear, the onset could not be estimated. All patients showed cranial involvement and generalized manifestation, and 49.1% had gastrointestinal symptoms. Except for two patients who were not treated due to immediate drug reactions who manifested severe hemodynamic instability, the rest of the patients were treated with trivalent antitoxin (A, B, and E). The complete resolution of the symptoms during hospitalization was documented in 50.9% of the patients. About 17% of the patients were intubated. Two patients died due to massive bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism and cardiac asystole following respiratory failure. Conclusions Although the complete resolution of the symptoms usually takes several weeks, in our experience, most patients showed at least partial resolution upon discharge. Early treatment results in better outcomes.