Early Prophylactic Anticoagulation via Transjugular Intrahepatic Route for Portal Vein Thrombosis after Splenectomy in Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate early transcatheter anticoagulation via the transjugular intrahepatic route to prevent portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included 98 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension who underwent open splenectomy (48 men and 50 women; age, 45.4 y ± 13.6). Systemic anticoagulation was given to 52 patients in group I, and transcatheter anticoagulation was performed in 46 patients in group II. ResultsThe technical success rate of catheterization by the transjugular intrahepatic route was 93.5% in group II. The 30-day (6.52% vs 23.1%, P < .05) and 6-month (8.70% vs 26.9%, P < .05) incidences of PVT were significantly lower in group II than in group I. The postoperative bleeding rate was 6.52% in group II and 25% in group I (P < .05). There was no significant difference between groups in 30-day (5.77% vs 2.17%) and 6-month (1.92% vs 6.52%) mortality. After splenectomy, the portal trunk vessel diameter was 16.0 mm ± 3.5 in group I and 14.5 mm ± 2.5 in group II (P < .05). The portal flow velocity was 25.9 cm/s ± 7.1 in group I and 28.2 cm/s ± 5.3 in group II (P > .05). During the first week after splenectomy, notable hypercoagulability was detected within the portal vein compared with peripheral blood. Decreased portal flow velocity was considered an independent risk factor for PVT by univariate and multivariate analysis. ConclusionsTranscatheter anticoagulation via the transjugular intrahepatic route can decrease the incidence of PVT and postoperative bleeding after open splenectomy in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.