Early pregnancy loss in sows after low dose, deep uterine artificial insemination with sex-sorted, frozen–thawed sperm

Abstract

Recent developments in reproductive technologies have enabled the production of piglets of a predetermined sex via non-surgical, low dose artificial insemination. The practical application of sex-sorting technology to the pig is made challenging by the large numbers of sperm required for successful insemination of sows. One way of overcoming the time required for sex-sorting may be to create a bank of cryopreserved, sex-sorted sperm, thus making available appropriate doses as sows require insemination. To date, little success has been achieved with non-surgical inseminations of sex-sorted boar sperm. This study attempted to achieve litters of a predetermined sex after a double insemination of sows with 160 × 10 6 sex-sorted, frozen–thawed sperm. Sows were synchronised and sperm were non-surgically inseminated into the proximal third of the uterine horn at 36 and 42 h after hCG administration. Sows inseminated with sex-sorted sperm achieved similar pregnancy rates to those receiving an equal dose of unsorted, frozen–thawed sperm. However, all sows conceiving after insemination with sex-sorted sperm returned to oestrus within 57 days of insemination. This was a higher rate of pregnancy loss than observed for sows inseminated with unsorted sperm (37.5%; P = 0.031). A combination of low sperm numbers and potentially compromised developmental capability of embryos derived from sex-sorted sperm may have resulted in this early stage loss of pregnancy.