Early postoperative outcomes in lumpectomy versus simple mastectomy

Abstract

BackgroundRelatively scarce outcomes research exists that compares early postoperative complications between breast conservation surgery (BCS) and simple mastectomy (SM). Such information would improve a surgeon's ability to provide informed consent when considering treatment options, especially for women with early stage breast cancer who have the option to receive either BCS or SM. Materials and methodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from years 2009–2012 was analyzed. For each treatment group, we used Current Procedural Terminology codes specific to the treatment modality with sentinel lymph node biopsy as an inclusion criteria. We excluded patients who received axillary lymphadenectomies, bilateral disease or symmetry procedures, and additional breast reconstructive surgery. We compared each group with chi square and two-sample t-tests to look for preoperative comorbidity differences, then used unadjusted odds ratios to compare postoperative complication rates. ResultsInclusion and exclusion criteria provided 6682 patients in the BCS group and 3339 patients in the SM group. Baseline comorbid condition characteristics showed no clinical differences between groups except for diabetes (8.5% in SM versus 6.5% in BCS). Statistical analysis between each treatment modality revealed that the SM group had significantly higher wound complications, bleeding, infections, and overall complications than the BCS group. ConclusionsAlthough both BCS and SM options have low early postoperative complication rates when treating early stage breast cancer, BCS has fewer complications with regard to bleeding, wound complications and infections.