Early pathohistological changes in dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis

Abstract

In hemodialysis patients the most common cause of vascular access failure is neointimal hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells at the venous anastomosis of arteriovenous fistulas. We presented a 76-year old patient who had developed fistula thrombosis without the presence of known risk factors the eighth day after the initial function. A histopathological finding pointed to a significant rate of neointimal proliferation, as an initial reasons for the fistula stenosis and trombosis. Early pathohistological changes observed in arteriovenous fistula dysfunction are response to hemodynamic changed conditions.