Early outcomes of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery

Abstract

Background: Care of heart patients especially after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery can be difficult to manage especially in postoperative phase due to decreased cardiac output. Inotropes used to increase cardiac output during the peri or postoperative may cause harmful effects. Mechanical circulatory support devices, such as an intra-aortic balloon pump can be beneficial in such patients. Objective: To compare early outcomes of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery Methods: Systematic random samples of 134 patients were registered from the department of cardiac surgery of Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore undergone open heart surgery from December 2019 to May 2020. High-risk patients with hemodynamically stable undergoing scheduled CABG were included. The patients were divided into two groups. All information including gender and age were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Death and other complications were compared between two groups. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS. Statistical test like chi- square and Independent t-tests were applied to obtain the required results and percentages. Results: Total 134 patients enrolled and equally divided into two groups. Group A (with IABP) have mean age was 47.58± 2.0 compared with Group B (without IABP) mean age 48.43± 4.31.There were 79(63.2%) males and 46(36.8%) were females enrolled. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, Prior CVA, recent AMI and congestive heart failure remained statistically insignificant as p-value > 0.05. The duration of IABP, respiratory failure, renal dysfunction and length of ICU stay showed statistically significant p-value < 0.05. Reoperation for bleeding, acute AMI, pneumonia, stroke, wound infection and surgical mortality are statistically insignificant as pvalue > 0.05. Conclusion: In high-risk patients of coronary artery bypass graft, early implantation of an intra-aortic balloon pump improves the outcomes by reducing ICU stay and death; increased post-insertion creatinine levels have been proven to be an indication of approaching mortality. Keywords: Intra-aortic balloon pump, Coronary artery bypass graft, Creatinine levels, Low Cardiac Output Syndrome