Abstract
Introduction: Quality of life and functionality of critically ill cancer patients are significantly affected after ICU admission, with changes due to immobility, hemodynamic instability, muscular atrophy, cognitive deficits, psychological difficulties, decreased cardiovascular functional capacity, neurological deleterious effects on the respiratory system. The physiotherapeutic intervention is effective in preventing and reducing the deleterious dysfunctions of immobility, as well as improving the quality of life of the patient during his / her stay in the ICU. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of literature seeking the benefits of early mobilization in intensive care patients. Methodology: Refers to a systematic literature review, approaching the PRISMA methodology, with two independent examiners who analyzed the quality of the study. We selected as inclusion criteria articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish that refer to the topic of early mobilization in intensive care oncology. Documents that do not associate with the proposed theme were excluded from the search. The articles were searched in the databases: VHL, PUBMED, COCHRANE, PEDRO and EBSCO. Results: For the elaboration of the study, 66 articles were found in the total, where only 8 articles were used because they refer to the use of early mobilization in intensive oncologic therapy. Final considerations: Early mobilization in the ICU is essential in the intervention of the multidisciplinary team on the cognitive, physical and functional aspects along with the kinesiotherapeutic progressivity adequate to the individual needs of each patient, providing significant benefits in the prevention of dysfunctions caused by the immobilism syndrome, resulting in the best quality of life for the patient.
Highlights
Cancer patient has specific pathophysiological and clinical characteristics, most often needing support in the ICU sometime during disease progression, in order to bring therapeutic support to the patient in periods of greater severity or risk
According to Murakami FM et al, technological advances and care for critically ill patients contribute to a high prevalence of patients who responded to early mobilization, and the clinical or surgical diagnosis does not interfere with the response of these patients, significantly contributing to decreased mortality, increased patient survival, which is of interest in always improving the adverse effects of immobility [2]
According to De Matos CA et al, there is a positive response related to patient survival and lower mortality rate with early mobilization interventions in intensive care units [1]
Summary
Cancer patient has specific pathophysiological and clinical characteristics, most often needing support in the ICU sometime during disease progression, in order to bring therapeutic support to the patient in periods of greater severity or risk. In the ICU, critically ill patients who need to monitor and stabilize their hemodynamic condition are admitted in a sophisticated way, being possible a greater attention of the multidisciplinary team [2]. Quality of life and functionality of critically ill cancer patients are considerably affected after ICU admission with alterations caused by immobility, hemodynamic instability, muscle atrophy, cognitive impairment, psychological difficulties, decreased cardiovascular, neurological alteration, deleterious effects on the respiratory system, functional decline, delirium and others [1, 2, 3]. Studies show that the occurrence of dysfunctions in the patient's homeostasis begins after 72 hours of admission to the ICU, and its consequences can last up to five years after hospital discharge, reducing the quality of life, generating a biopsychosocial imbalance and generating a higher incidence of depression and anxiety [4]
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