Early-menarche as Determinant Factor for Metabolic-risks: An Epidemiology Perspectives among Adolescent Girls aged 13-15 years old in Jakarta-Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Objectives:Early menarche predicts higher body mass index (BMI) and adiposity in adult life, and it has been associated with risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases such as elevated triglycerides and waist circumferences also higher risk of adult diabetes. This study aims to explore early-menarche as determinant factor for metabolic-risks among adolescent girls aged 13-15 years old.Methods and Study Design:This cross-sectional study was undertaken in adolescent girls aged 13-15 years in all five municipalities in Jakarta-Indonesia, from January 2014 to Mei 2016. Data collected by using standardized measures for dietary intake, nutritional status indicators, physical activity level, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid profile, and statistically analyzed by independent-t or Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson or Spearman correlation test.Results and Conclusions:A total of 194 adolescent girls were participated in this study. Early menarche was found in 22.68% of all subjects. There was no association between menarche status and daily macronutrients intake pattern and physical activity level score. Early menarche subjects had significantly higher BMI (p<0.001), CDC-percentile (p<0.001), WHO Z-score (p<0.001), and waist circumference values (p=0.02). Furthermore, early menarche subjects also had higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.035), total cholesterol level (p=0.028), LDL-cholesterol level (p=0.013), and triglyceride level (p=0.026). There was no association between menarche status and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-C level, lipid profile ratio. In conclusion, early menarche is an important determinant factor of metabolic risks, and balance between dietary intake and physical activity level should be prioritized among them.