Abstract
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used extensively worldwide in the manufacture of plastic polymers. The environmental obesogen hypothesis suggests that early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as BPA may increase the risk for weight gain later in childhood but few prospective epidemiological studies have investigated this relationship. We examined the association of early life BPA exposure with offspring obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in 500 mother-child pairs from the RHEA pregnancy cohort in Crete, Greece. Methods: BPA concentrations were measured in spot urine samples collected from mothers (1st trimester of pregnancy) and their children at 2.5 and 4 years of age. We measured birth weight, body mass index (BMI) from 6 months to 4 years of age, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and adipokines at 4 years of age. BMI growth trajectories from birth to 4 years were estimated by linear mixed effects models with fractional polynomials of age. Adjusted associations were obtained via multivariable regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 9% at 2, 13% at 3 and 17% at 4 years of age. Geometric mean BPA concentrations were 1.2 μg/g creatinine (SD 7.9) in 1st trimester, 5.1 μg/g (13.3) in 2.5 years and 1.9 μg/g (4.9) in 4 years. After confounder adjustment, each 10-fold increase in BPA at 4 years was associated with a higher BMI z-score (β log10 μg/g= 0.2; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.4), higher waist circumference (β = 1.2 cm; 95% CI: 0.1, 2.2) and greater sum of skinfold thickness (β=3.7 mm; 95% CI: 0.7, 6.7) at 4 years. Prenatal and 2.5 years BPA was not associated with child anthropometry from birth to 4 years. We found no significant associations of early life exposure to BPA with other offspring cardiometabolic risk factors. Discussion: Early childhood BPA exposure was associated with excess child adiposity.
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