Early kidney injury predicts disease progression in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study

Tingting Xia,Weijia Xie,Zhiquan Yuan,Li Bai,Yifan Shan,Youhao Wang,Bin Wang,Yafei Li,Chengying Li,Yao Zhang,Na Wu,Wenjing Zhang,Yu Xu,Ying Xiang

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-06576-9

Abstract

BackgroundThe receptor of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is more abundant in kidney than in lung tissue, suggesting that kidney might be another important target organ for SARS-CoV-2. However, our understanding of kidney injury caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between kidney injury and disease progression in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed by including 2630 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 1 February to 13 April 2020. Kidney function indexes and other clinical information were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Associations between kidney function indexes and disease progression were analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards regression and generalized linear mixed model.ResultsWe found that estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) decreased in 22.0% and 24.0% of patients with COVID-19, respectively. Proteinuria was detected in 15.0% patients and hematuria was detected in 8.1% of patients. Hematuria (HR 2.38, 95% CI 1.50–3.78), proteinuria (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.33–3.51), elevated baseline serum creatinine (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.92–4.21) and blood urea nitrogen (HR 3.54, 95% CI 2.36–5.31), and decrease baseline eGFR (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.07–2.34) were found to be independent risk factors for disease progression after adjusted confounders. Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the dynamic trajectories of uric acid was significantly related to disease progression.ConclusionThere was a high proportion of early kidney function injury in COVID-19 patients on admission. Early kidney injury could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage.Graphic abstract

Highlights

The receptor of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is more abundant in kidney than in lung tissue, suggesting that kidney might be another important target organ for SARS-CoV-2
There was a high proportion of early kidney function injury in COVID-19 patients on admission
Patients were enrolled from February to April 2020 with the inclusion criteria: at least 18 years old and confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection based on positive nucleic acid or antibody detection

Summary

Introduction

The receptor of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is more abundant in kidney than in lung tissue, suggesting that kidney might be another important target organ for SARS-CoV-2. Our understanding of kidney injury caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between kidney injury and disease progression in patients with COVID-19. Since December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide pandemic and public health emergency [1]. Existing studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 virus may attack the kidney, causing acute kidney injury (AKI) [4]. A study with an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not significantly cause AKI [6]. Few studies have explored the relationship between early kidney function indexes and disease progression of COVID-19, especially in the aspects of the dynamic changes of the early kidney function indexes.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion