Early improvement of strain imaging parameters predicts long-term response to sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: An observational prospective study

Abstract

BackgroundManagement of patients affected by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has deeply changed thanks to novel pharmacological therapies, such as Sacubitril/Valsartan, which assured morbidity and mortality advantages in this population. These effects may be mediated by both left atrial (LA) and ventricular reverse remodeling, although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) recovery still represents the main parameter of treatment response. MethodsIn this prospective, observational study, 66 patients with HFrEF and naïve from Sacubitril/Valsartan were enrolled. All patients were evaluated at baseline, at 3 months and 12 months from therapy initiation. Echocardiographic parameters, including speckle tracking analysis, LA functional and structural metrics, were collected at three timepoints. The endpoints of our study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on echo measurements; (2) to assess the predictive role of early modifications of these parameters (expressed as ∆ 3–0 months) on long-term LVEF significant recovery, defined as >15% improvement from baseline. ResultsThe majority of echocardiographic parameters evaluated progressively improved during the observation period, including LVEF, ventricular volumes and LA metrics. ∆(3–0 months) of LV Global Longitudinal Strain (LVGLS) and LA Reservoir Strain (LARS) were associated with significant LVEF improvement at 12 months (p < 0.001 and p = 0.019 respectively). A cut-off of ∆(3–0 months) LVGLS of 3% and of ∆(3–0 months) LARS of 2% could predict LVEF recovery with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. ConclusionsLV and LA strain analysis may identify patients who adequately respond to HFrEF medical treatment and should be routinely used in the evaluation of these patients.