Abstract
Archaeological studies have demonstrated the increasingly important role of turkeys in the lives of ancient Puebloan peoples of the American Southwest. The origin of domesticated turkeys, however, remains an unanswered question especially given the absence of turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo</i>) in early and middle Holocene contexts prior to the arrival of maize agriculture. This paper reports turkey remains from very early Holocene deposits in North Creek Shelter in southern Utah and reviews extant literature for early turkey remains in the Southwest. These data provide tentative support for an autochthonous population of turkeys in portions of the greater Southwest.
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