Abstract
The foundations of modern science and technology, metrology, experimental physics, theoretical physics, theoretical mathematics, astrophysics, including applied optics and spectroscopy go back to the Prehistoric, Presocratic, Classical and Hellenistic Greece. This tradition is well deep rooted in time, going back mainly to the epoch of the prehistoric Aegean sea, the mainland of Greece and the Islands, Cycladic, Euboea, as well as Crete, at the late Neolithic period, probably starting back at 4400 BC. Humans observe the sky before the prehistoric era and wonder and as even Plato declares, these observations that lead us to try and understand the Cosmos make us humans as well, since the actual meaning and etymology of this term human in Greek, the word ANTHROPOS, is the one that looks up, observes the ordered Universe and tries to understand its nature and its hidden Laws which govern it. Science and Philosophy emerged as a result of the human efforts to live even more successfully within a hostile environment. Humanity eventually manages to understand Nature and especially the Cosmos, using the Pythagorean principle: "Nature can only be understood accurately by the use of Mathematics, which expresses the underlying Laws of Nature and which explain all natural phenomena based on the Principe of Causality.
Highlights
Philosophy, Science and Technology are continuously and radically changing human life, especially during the last four to six thousand years and very actively during the last two hundred years or so
Our lives depend enormously on Technology, which is based on many scientific applications, unknown to the lay person. How did all this happen? How was Science and Philosophy created and especially Astronomy and Astrophysics? How did we succeeded to go to the Moon?
Astronomy as a practice started almost at every length and breadth on Earth, while all the temples, even in areas where the sky is covered with clouds for the most days of the year, are oriented according to a clear, or frequently hidden, astronomical orientation, which helps humans to keep time, to obtain a form of a clock and, most importantly, a calendar ensuring that the agricultural activities are performed on time
Summary
Philosophy, Science and Technology are continuously and radically changing human life, especially during the last four to six thousand years and very actively during the last two hundred years or so. The Greeks have advanced their Technology for the construction of weapons and ships, as well as the related techniques One such feature we encounter in Homer, where the Great Poet informs us about a ship that decides automatically how it goes to its destination, depending upon the direction of the wind that automatically changes the direction of sail. Orpheus is a legendary figure who lived, worked and influenced profoundly Greece, Humanity and Culture He taught Musaeus, the first astronomer in the Mythology, who made the first celestial sphere used by the Argonauts and Jason, in order to find their way to the Black Sea, by solving, perhaps in some way and for the first time, the difficult problem of calculating the longitude on a travelling ship. All the civilizations had developed the Practical Astronomy and transacted some Mathematical knowledge
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