EARLY FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS

Abstract

Fetal growth retardation (FGR) is a complication of pregnancy that develops due to placental insufficiency and leads to the birth of a child with mass and growth parameters below the 10th percentile for a given gestational age. Newborns with FGR are at high risk of developing motor, neurological, cognitive and learning disorders, as well as cerebral palsy. Purpose. To determine the frequency, risk factors and perinatal outcomes in case of early fetal growth retardation (up to 32 weeks of gestation) in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of delivery histories was performed in 116 (8.95%) cases in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Hypertensive disorders included: gestational hypertension - 27 (23.2%), chronic arterial hypertension combined with preeclampsia - 18 (15.5%), severe preeclampsia - 35 (30.2%), moderate preeclampsia - 36 (31.1%) cases. Early fetal growth retardation (up to 32 weeks of gestation) was in 32 (26.8%) cases, late fetal growth retardation - in 84 (73.2%) cases. Perinatal losses occurred in 4 (34.4%o) cases in pregnant women with early FGR. Results. Pregnant women with hypertensive disorders most often had concomitant kidney disease, hypertension, obesity of II-III degree, and varicose veins. The highest percentage of newborns with FGR as in pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension of 2-3 grades (38.9%) and in women with severe preeclampsia (31.4%). The lowest average body weight (1260±52 g) was in newborns whose mothers had blood pressure above 200/130 mm Hg. The highest average body weight (1485±85 g) was in newborns whose mothers had blood pressure up to 160/100 mm Hg. Conclusions. Thus, pregnant women with hypertensive disorders are at high risk of developing a serious complication - early fetal growth retardation. The highest risk of uteroplacental circulation disorders is in pregnant women with chronic hypertension of 2-3 grades and severe preeclampsia.