Abstract
The earliest-known epicycic reduction gears for the transmission of high torques are described. These gear trains, devised by James White from about 1786 and described in his New Century of Inventions, generate a high reduction ratio by the subtraction of two nearly-equal motions. Application of this principle is seen in his perpetual wedge, pulley systems, a wind-mill regulator and the differential combination of wheels. The background history of these epicyclic gear trains is outlined, general expressions for speed ratio and efficiency developed, and some modern applications of the mechanisms noted.
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