Early Diagnosis of Pine Wilt Disease in Pinus thunbergii Based on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

Abstract

As the most severe forestry quarantine disease in several countries, pine wilt disease (PWD) causes substantial economic losses and poses a significant threat to the forest ecosystem. It is necessary to find a rapid and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of the disease to control the development of the disease effectively. This paper investigated the effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (the pinewood nematode; PWN) on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic curve (OJIP curve) and the parameters of needles using four-year-old Pinus thunbergii as experimental materials and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis as a technical tool. It was shown by the results in the OJIP curve that the fluorescence intensity of the inoculated plants was significantly increased at points O and I. Additionally, the relative variable fluorescence intensity at points K and J was comparable to that of the control plants. Several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the treatment significantly increased or decreased with disease progression. At the same time, the control group had no significant changes in each parameter. Therefore, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used as indicators for the early diagnosis of PWD, among which the DIo/RC parameter was the best. In summary, PWN invasion will produce fluorescence on the PSII of P. thunbergii, and its chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are expected to achieve early PWD diagnosis.