Abstract
BackgroundThe aetiology of the canine displacement still remains controversial. Some authors implicated a deficiency in maxillary width as a local mechanical cause for impacted canines. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a relationship between impacted maxillary canines, early diagnosed by using panoramic radiographs, and the morphology of the maxilla on 3D model casts.MethodsThe displaced maxillary canines (DMC) group consisted of 24 patients (mean age, 9.1 ± 1.1 years), while the control group consisted of 25 subjects (mean age, 8.7 ± 0.9 years). Seven measurements were calculated on the digital casts of each subject: intermolar width (IMW), arch length (AL), depth of the palatal vault (PVD), available arch space (AAS), the sum of the anterior segments (SAS), the right/affected (R-Af) and left/unaffected (L-Un) available spaces.ResultsBoth IMW and AL in the DMC group were significantly decreased relative to the control group (P < 0.01), indicating that patients with displaced canines presented a shorter and narrower palate than subjects without eruption problems. Moreover, the values of the SAS and AAS were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the DMC group relative to the controls.ConclusionsThe shape of the maxillary arch was narrower and shorter in the displaced maxillary canines group compared with the control group.
Highlights
The aetiology of the canine displacement still remains controversial
The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a relationship between impacted maxillary canines, early diagnosed by using panoramic radiographs and the morphology of the maxilla on 3D model casts
The displaced maxillary canines (DMC) group consisted of patients, female to male ratio 2:1, with a mean age of 9.1 ± 1.1 years, while the control group consisted of subjects, female to male ratio 14:11, with a mean age of 8.7 ± 0.9 years
Summary
The aetiology of the canine displacement still remains controversial. Some authors implicated a deficiency in maxillary width as a local mechanical cause for impacted canines. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a relationship between impacted maxillary canines, early diagnosed by using panoramic radiographs, and the morphology of the maxilla on 3D model casts. Displacement of maxillary canines can be defined as the ‘developmental dislocation [...] often resulting in tooth impaction requiring surgical and orthodontic treatments’ [1]. The maxillary canine is second only to the mandibular third molar in its frequency of impaction, with a rate that varies from 0.2 to 2.8%. From a physiological point of view, between 5 and 9 years of age, the maxillary canine tends to move palatally, with. The early diagnosis (8–9 years of age) of canine displacement in relation to the surrounding structures is based primarily on radiographic examination. Diagnosis of maxillary canine impaction is possible at 8 years of age by using the following geometric measurements on panoramic radiographs: sector locations of impacted maxillary canines, angulations formed by the long axis of the impacted canine with the midline, and the distance of the cuspal tip of the Cacciatore et al Progress in Orthodontics (2018) 19:20 impacted canine and the unaffected antimere from the occlusal plane [6]
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