Abstract
Abstract
Highlights
IntroductionTurbulent spots can be observed (Emmons 1951) as a part of the process that leads to a fully developed turbulent boundary layer
During boundary layer transition, turbulent spots can be observed (Emmons 1951) as a part of the process that leads to a fully developed turbulent boundary layer
An experimental investigation was carried out in an extremely low-turbulence wind tunnel to study the early development of artificially initiated turbulent spots in a laminar boundary layer over a flat plate
Summary
Turbulent spots can be observed (Emmons 1951) as a part of the process that leads to a fully developed turbulent boundary layer. Sokolov & Friedman (1976) used electrical discharges to trigger a laminar boundary layer to generate turbulent spots for a detailed study of the structure They confirmed that the breakdown to turbulence occurred over the entire range of parameters being investigated when the velocity intensity of the disturbance was greater than 20 %. Their results indicated that the spot growth was significantly inhibited and reduced both the streamwise and spanwise spreading rates by 50 % Another investigation, which was carried out by Seifert & Wygnanski (1995) in a laminar boundary layer with an adverse pressure gradient, demonstrated the opposite effect, where an enhancement in the growth of turbulent spots was observed. Some of these results were later confirmed by Chong & Zhong (2005)
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