Abstract
(1) The paper investigates the effects of density-dependent changes in early development on population dynamics in red deer (Cervus elaphus) on Rhum. (2) The survival of calves through their first year of life was related to their birth weight and birth date. (3) As population density increased, the average date of parturition became later. Mean birth weight did not change, but at high density, its influence on over-winter calf survival intensified. (4) An extension of key factor analysis showed that these two effects were responsible for much of the increase in over-winter calf mortality at high population density.
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