Early detection to prevent foot ulceration among type 2 diabetes mellitus patient: A multi-intervention review.

Abstract

Foot ulceration is one of the biggest complications experienced by type 2 diabetes patients. The severity and prevention of new wounds can be overcome through early detection interventions. This systematic review aims to explain and provide a comparison of various interventions that have been developed to prevent the occurrence of Diabetes Foot Ulcers (DFU). We searched Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, CINAHL, SAGE, and ProQuest for English, experimental studies, published between 2016-2021 that tested early detection for preventing diabetic foot ulcers in diabetic patients. The Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines were used to assess eligibility, and PRISMA quality and a checklist to guide this review. 25 studies were obtained that matched the specified inclusion criteria. The entire article has an experimental study design. Majority of respondents were type 2 diabetes patients who have not experienced ulceration. Based on the results of the review, there were 3 main types of interventions used in the early detection of DFU. The types of intervention used are 1) conventional intervention/physical assessment, 2) 3D thermal camera assessment system, and 3) DFU screening instrument. The three types of interventions have advantages and disadvantages, so their use needs to be adjusted to the conditions and needs of the patient. the development of DFU risk early detection intervention needs to be developed. Integration with modern technology can also be done to increase the accuracy of the results and the ease of examination procedures. Significance for public health This systematic review aims to explain various digital and conventional-based early detection interventions along with their advantages and disadvantages that can be used to assess risk factors for DFU in DM patients. It is because several existing studies only discuss one model of early detection of DFU in DM patients, however, studies that describe various interventions that can be carried out for early detection in DM patients have not been found. By knowing several DFU prevention interventions, it is expected to increase the independence of patients and families in preventing complications such as diabetic foot.