Early detection of Pre-XDR TB with line probe assay in a high TB burden country.

Laura Madukaji,As Adedeji,Eke Ofuche,Isaac Okohu,Abdullah Enagi,Uche Oyedum,Prosper Okonkwo,Abubakar Usman,Femi Owolagba,Toyin Jolayemi,Jay Osi Samuels,Saheed Usman

doi:10.4314/ahs.v21i3.2

Abstract

Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death. Drug resistant tuberculosis has lately become a major public health problem that threatens progress made in Tuberculosis (TB) care and control worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Pre-extensive drug resistant TB among MDR TB in North Central of Nigeria. This study was conducted from October, 2018 to August, 2019 with 150 samples. In Nigeria, guidelines for DR-TB as recommended by WHO is followed. All the samples from the patients who gave their consent were transported to a zonal reference TB laboratory (ZRL). Mean age was 38.6 ± 13.4 years with peak age at 35-44. Out of these 103 samples processed with LPA, 101(98%) were rifampicin resistant and 2 were rifampicin sensitive, 99(96%) were INH resistant and 4 (4%) were INH sensitive, 5(5%) were fluoroquinolone resistant, 98(95%) were fluoroquinolone sensitive, 12 (12%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin resistant, 91(83%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin sensitive. Multidrug resistant TB and its severe forms (Pre-extensive & extensively drug resistant TB) can be detected early with rapid tool- Line Probe Assay rapid and prevented timely by early initiation on treatment.

Highlights

Before the discovery of Mycobacterium by Robert Koch in 1882, tuberculosis was seen as disease of the vampires
One hundred and three Line Probe Assay (LPA) results that corresponded with conventional Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) culture/drug susceptibility testing (DST) were analyzed
The DST pattern showed that majority of the pre-XDR TB patients were resistant to the fluoroquinolone and one of the high level injectables (KAN/ CAP/VIO) which is similar to a study done by Elisa et al, (2015)

Summary

Introduction

Before the discovery of Mycobacterium by Robert Koch in 1882, tuberculosis was seen as disease of the vampires. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). It widely affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms of TB may relate to the organ that is affected. The general signs and symptoms of Pulmonary TB (TB that affects the lungs) and extra pulmonary TB (TB that affects other parts of the body) are fever, chills, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue. Because TB is an airborne, its transmission rate is high.

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