Abstract
BackgroundThe presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is an indicator of protective immunity for most viral infections. A newly developed surrogate viral neutralization assay (sVNT) offers the ability to detect total receptor binding domain-targeting NAbs in an isotype-independent manner, increasing the test sensitivity. Thus, specimens with low IgM/ IgG antibody levels showed strong neutralization activity in sVNT.MethodsThis study aimed to measure the %inhibition of NAbs measured by sVNT in PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its kinetics were determined.ResultsNinety-seven patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. Majority of the patients were 21–40 years old (67%) and 63% had mild symptoms. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.4–100%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 98.3–100%). The negative predictive value of sVNT from the samples collected before and after 7 days of symptom onset was 99.5% (95% CI 97.4–100%) and 100% (95% CI 93.8–100%), respectively. The level of inhibition at days 8–14 were significantly higher than days 0–7 (p<0.001). The median %inhibition values by severity of COVID-19 symptoms were 79.9% (interquartile range (IQR) 49.7–91.8%); 89.0% (IQR 71.2–92.4%); and 86.6% (IQR 69.5–92.8%), for mild, moderate and severe/critical symptoms respectively. The median level of sVNT %inhibition of severe was significantly higher than the mild group (p = 0.05).ConclusionThe sVNT is a practical and robust serological test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and does not require specialized biosafety containment. It can be used clinically to aid diagnosis in both early and late infection especially in cases when the real-time RT-PCR results in weakly negative or weakly positive, and to determine the protective immune response from SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients.
Highlights
Thailand’s population is approximately 70 million with approximately 10% of the country’s population residing in its capital city, Bangkok, and its metropolitan areas
Ninety-seven patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study
The sensitivity of surrogate viral neutralization assay (sVNT) for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.4–100%) and the specificity was 100%
Summary
Thailand’s population is approximately 70 million with approximately 10% of the country’s population residing in its capital city, Bangkok, and its metropolitan areas. As of 31 May 2020, Thailand’s confirmed cases count was 3081, of which 1515 (49%) was reported within Bangkok. Among the innumerable challenges presented by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide [1], diagnostic testing has been among the most pressing, and has been central to limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is an indicator of protective immunity for most viral infections. A newly developed surrogate viral neutralization assay (sVNT) offers the ability to detect total receptor binding domain-targeting NAbs in an isotype-independent manner, increasing the test sensitivity. Specimens with low IgM/ IgG antibody levels showed strong neutralization activity in sVNT
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