Abstract
Early detection of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) is essential but underdeveloped. The aim of this study was to assess micro-RNA (miRNA) expression profiles in patients with or without CAD as selected by coronary CT angiography (CTA) and stratified by risk of CAD as determined by Framingham Risk Score (FRS). In this pilot study, patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of CAD. Disease status was determined by Coronary CTA by identification of atherosclerosis and/or calcified plaque in coronary arteries. There were 16 control subjects and 16 subjects with documented CAD. Groups were then subdivided based on FRS. Pathway-specific microarray profiling of 86 genes using miRNAs isolated from whole peripheral blood was analyzed. MiRNA were differentially expressed in patients with and without CAD and who were stratified on the basis of FRS with miRNA associated with endothelial function, cardiomyocyte protection and inflammatory response (hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-7-5p and hsa-miR-99a-5p) consistently upregulated by greater than twofold in groups with CAD. The present study reveals that miRNA expression patterns in whole blood as selected on the basis of coronary CTA and risk scores vary significantly depending on the subject phenotype. Thus, profiling miRNA may improve early detection of CAD.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) as a consequence of atherosclerosis is the leading contributor of mortality and morbidity facing the American and, increasingly, the global population [1,2].Atherosclerosis is a byproduct of lifestyle in conjunction with familial genetic predisposition
Asymptomatic CAD is currently managed by mitigation of CAD risk factors
Framingham Risk Score (FRS) can be utilized as a preventive measure to minimize risk factors but does not predict disease in every patient
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) as a consequence of atherosclerosis is the leading contributor of mortality and morbidity facing the American and, increasingly, the global population [1,2]. Atherosclerosis is a byproduct of lifestyle in conjunction with familial genetic predisposition. CAD is primarily detected on the basis of clinical presentation, namely anginal symptoms. Stress testing or, depending on the severity and presentation, coronary angiogram are often indicated in the setting of ischemia [5]. Asymptomatic CAD is currently managed by mitigation of CAD risk factors. FRS can be utilized as a preventive measure to minimize risk factors but does not predict disease in every patient. A simple test that can detect early asymptomatic CAD is essential
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