Early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions by simple visual inspection after acetic acid among women in Rajshahi medical college hospital

F Islam,H Akhter,Ja Khanam,Ma Ali,N Yusuf

doi:10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9494

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the performance of visual inspection of acetic acid (VIA) in the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of cervix. Materials and methods: Total 5593 eligible women who randomly came to the Gyenae out patient department (OPD) of RMCH (Rajshahi Medical College Hospital) were examined by VIA. Detection of well defined, opaque, acetowhite lesions close to the squamocolumner junction or in transitional zone or dense acetowhitening of ulceroproliferative growth on the cervix constituted a positive VIA. Those who had abnormal results in screening test & those who had clinically suspicious lesions were sent for colposcopic evaluation (n= 442) & directed biopsy were taken from colposcopically suspected areas (n=214). The final diagnosis was based on histology. Results: Out of 5593 patients, 442 (7.20%) were VIA positive. 442 patients were colposcopically evaluated .Among them, 228 (51.58%) were normal and 202(45.70%) had different stages of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN) and 12 ( 2.71 % ) had carcinoma of cervix. Out of 214 patients biopsied, 23.36 % patients had a final diagnosis of CIN lesions, 5 (2.33%) had carcinoma in-situ & 17 cases (7.94%) had invasive carcinoma. Besides to find out the predictable factors of cervical lesions data have been collected from VIA positive patients regarding age of first coitus and first delivery, history of extra marital exposure and STI, use of contraceptive methods and family history of cancer. Age of first coitus between 12 to 15 years and 16 to 20 years were observed among 203 (46 %) and 40 % (177) women respectively. More than half of the patients (62%) were experienced with their first delivery within the age 15-20 years which was below 15 years of 12 % (53) patients. Fifty four percent patients used OCP and barrier methods used were only 10 %. Family history of cancer was observed among 09 % women. 58% patients were belonged to lower middle class and upper group were only 9% (table 1) Conclusion: In our study detection of different grades of intraepithelial lesions (CIN-I, CIN-II, CIN-III, invasive carcinoma) of cervix by VIA was comparable to that of colposcopy. So VIA is suitable for detection of precursor lesions of cervical cancer in low resource settings and also for diagnosis, follow up treatment and epidemiological studies of cervical cancer. Key words: Visual inspection; VIA; cervical carcinoma; colposcopy; screening; epidemiological studies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9494 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 240-244

Highlights

Introduction stageIn the Western countries cervical cancer inci-Cervical cancer is the most important cause of dence & deaths have been brought under control malignant deaths in females of Bangladesh & has using organized cytology based screening programs annual incidence about 119561.The scenario is alike .4-7 Cytology based screening (Pap's) is ef fective but that of other developing countries where ef fective costly, needs technical supports & good number of screening program is not established
5% acetic acid was applied to the cervix for 1 minute & inspection was done to see any acetowhite area around squamocolumner junction (SCJ) or in transitional zone (TZ)
Cases had been chosen from non virgin women who came to the Gynae Out-patient Department (OPD) of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

Summary

Introduction

Introduction stageIn the Western countries cervical cancer inci-Cervical cancer is the most important cause of dence & deaths have been brought under control malignant deaths in females of Bangladesh & has using organized cytology based screening programs annual incidence about 119561.The scenario is alike .4-7 Cytology based screening (Pap's) is ef fective but that of other developing countries where ef fective costly, needs technical supports & good number of screening program is not established. In the Western countries cervical cancer inci-. Cervical cancer is the most important cause of dence & deaths have been brought under control malignant deaths in females of Bangladesh & has using organized cytology based screening programs annual incidence about 119561.The scenario is alike .4-7. Among the cytopathologists[8], so by no means it could be a total global cancer cervix (4, 68000) 80% occurs in screening method in low resource settings. Despite its public health search of easy, low cost & effective method of early importance, there is no effective prevention program detection of cervical cancer , investigators have in most developing countries & the risk of dis- developed a novel affordable diagnostic tool such as ease & death from cervical cancer remains lar gely VIA based on the concept that the majority of pre uncontrolled. Cervical cancer is usually preceded by invasive and invasive cervical lesions are visible by a long phase of cytological changes, known as naked eye observations[9].Several recent studies test-

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