Abstract
Background: NIRSIT, a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device with 204 channels, can measure oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in non-pulsatile blood flow non-invasively using the absorption difference between HbO2 and HbR at a wavelength of 700–1,000 nm and can display the perfusion status in real time.Objective: We applied NIRSIT to patients with stroke to evaluate the usefulness of NIRSIT as an fNIRS device for the early detection of stroke.Methods: We performed a prospective pilot study in an emergency department (ED). Adult patients who had suspected symptoms and signs of stroke within 12 h of the first abnormal time and who underwent intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or intra-arterial thrombectomy with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) infarction were enrolled. NIRSIT was applied to the patients before the imaging study, and the perfusion status of the brain was displayed in real time at the bedside. We compared the NIRSIT results with the mean transit time (MTT) map from perfusion computed tomography (PCT) and the time-to-peak (TTP) map from perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI).Results: Six male and three female patients were enrolled, and the median age was 74 years. The most common symptom was unilateral extremity weakness (77.8%), followed by dysarthria (33.3%) and aphasia (11.1%). The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17. All cases of MCA infarction showed different cerebral oxygen saturation values between bilateral lobes of the brain in fNIRS imaging, and these values matched the PCT and PWI results.Conclusions: The brain hemisphere with low oxygen saturation on fNIRS showed hypoperfusion on PCT or PWI. The fNIRS device could be useful in assessing the perfusion status of the brain and detecting MCA or ICA infarction in real time at the bedside.
Highlights
Patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) region exhibit high rates of mortality and disability, and nearly half of survivors never regain functional independence [1]
Recent studies have shown that stroke patients with large vessel occlusions who are treated with targeted endovascular thrombectomy demonstrate a two-fold improvement in the modified Rankin Score post stroke [3]
The HbO2 level in the NIRSIT group strongly correlated with hypoperfusion on perfusion computed tomography (PCT) or perfusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI)
Summary
Patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA) region exhibit high rates of mortality and disability, and nearly half of survivors never regain functional independence [1]. Developed perfusion scans, such as perfusion computed tomography (PCT) and perfusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging (PWI), would help in the selection of values to delineate perfusion status These modalities determine the need for early and rapid interventions, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and intra-arterial thrombectomy, to preserve neurological function [2]. Recent studies have shown that stroke patients with large vessel occlusions who are treated with targeted endovascular thrombectomy demonstrate a two-fold improvement in the modified Rankin Score post stroke [3] This result suggests that improved access to interventional stroke care may yield improved overall patient outcomes. The American Heart Association has developed a severity-based stroke triage algorithm for the pre-hospital emergency medical service system that highlights the need for the identification of large vessel occlusions, followed by the transport of patients to facilities where interventions may be performed [4]. NIRSIT, a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device with 204 channels, can measure oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in non-pulsatile blood flow non-invasively using the absorption difference between HbO2 and HbR at a wavelength of 700–1,000 nm and can display the perfusion status in real time
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