Abstract
Atrial fibrillation, often called AF is considered to be the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, which is a major healthcare challenge. Early detection of AF and the appropriate treatment is crucial if the symptoms seem to be consistent and persistent. This research work focused on the development of a heart monitoring system which could be considered as a feasible solution in early detection of potential AF in real time. The objective was to bridge the gap in the market for a low-cost, at home use, noninvasive heart health monitoring system specifically designed to periodically monitor heart health in subjects with AF disorder concerns. The main characteristic of AF disorder is the considerably higher heartbeat and the varying period between observed R waves in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This proposed research was conducted to develop a low cost and easy to use device that measures and analyzes the heartbeat variations, varying time period between successive R peaks of the ECG signal and compares the result with the normal heart rate and RR intervals. Upon exceeding the threshold values, this device creates an alert to notify about the possible AF detection. The prototype for this research consisted of a Bitalino ECG sensor and electrodes, an Arduino microcontroller, and a simple circuit. The data was acquired and analyzed using the Arduino software in real time. The prototype was used to analyze healthy ECG data and using the MIT-BIH database the real AF patient data was analyzed, and reasonable threshold values were found, which yielded a reasonable success rate of AF detection.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide
CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, accounting for about 17.3 million deaths per year, and this number is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030 [1]. This is a group of diseases which includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as stable angina, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction (MI) which is commonly known as a heart attack, and high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise or physical activities, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive amount of alcohol consumption etc. increase the risk of coronary artery diseases to a great extent [2]
People who have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease as well as those who are at high risk for it because of the presence of one or multiple risk factors—hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, or other various established diseases—need early detection in order to receive proper treatment [3]
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, accounting for about 17.3 million deaths per year, and this number is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030 [1]. A low-cost, self-operated heart health monitoring system is crucial to reduce the cost of medical checkup and the anxiety of people with known or at risk of cardiovascular problems and to help them to obtain proper treatment on time This proposed research work will be feasible and nearly as accurate in early detection of potential AF disorder as well as a host of other diseases in real. After successfully determining the BPM and RR intervals from the acquired ECG signal, the step was to run a sanity check, which means the system should recognize if a person is healthy or not and if there is any abnormal cardiac activities such as rapid or inconsistent heart rate, the device should be able to inform via showing an alert. Was lowered to 90 highest, 88% when the the sseuccocnedsscorantdeFiitFwgiiouganruserw7e15a51%.s5D.a.DdeTtedheteceetdcistoiutonocnlcdoleogesgitsceicrdrmadiatiiegangrefaromatrhm.eA. pFodteenteticatlioAnFwdaestefcotiuonnd
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