Early detection of acute coronary syndrome through prothrombin time measurement using flexible UWB antenna for cardiac patient

Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the disease occurs due to clot formation in heart arteries. The prothrombin time (PT) of the blood measures various health disorders such as liver dysfunction, cardiac function, internal bleeding and internal blood clots. The PT measurement through optical and mechanical coagulation analyzers is influenced by plasma turbidity, reagent sensitivity and vitamin K levels. In this paper a novel method for early detection of ACS through PT measurement using flexible ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is proposed. This study is carried on 200 persons with and without ACS. In the proposed method the electromagnetic radiations absorbed from the plasma sample using flexible ultra-wide band antenna is processed further to determine the prothrombin time. The plasma concentration is proportional to electromagnetic energy density and based on the voltage clotting duration is acquired. The clotting frequency ranges of human blood varies from 2 GHz to 3 GHz and voltage from 0.55 mV to 0.85 mV in the observed electromagnetic radiation. The clot concentration is measured from the observed electromagnetic emitted voltage which is converted into frequency during clotting. The prothrombin time is measured from the acquired clotting concentrated voltage through regression modelling and validated through laboratory standards. The proposed UWB antenna based prothrombin time measurement achieves 96.48% accuracy in detecting ACS at the early stage The variations in PT values, need for reagents, vitamin-K impacts, and plasma turbidity impacts were eradicated in the proposed method and ACS is detected early from the measured PT values.