Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. ECC is driven by a dysbiotic state of oral microorganisms mainly caused by a sugar-rich diet. Additionally, poor oral hygiene or insufficient dental plaque removal leads to the rapid progression of ECC. ECC leads not only to dental destruction and pain with children, but also affects the quality of life of the caregivers. Children with extensive ECC are at high risk to develop caries with the permanent dentition or will have other problems with speaking and/or eating. To prevent ECC, several strategies should be taken into account. Children should brush their teeth with toothpastes containing gentle ingredients, such as mild surfactants and agents showing antiadherent properties regarding oral microorganisms. Parents/caregivers have to help their children with brushing the teeth. Furthermore, remineralizing and nontoxic agents should be included into the toothpaste formulation. Two promising biomimetic agents for children's oral care are amorphous calcium phosphate [Cax(PO4)yn H2O] and hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3(OH)].
Highlights
Childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide
Children are affected, and parents will be influenced by this disease being the responsible caregivers [3, 4]
Dental problems were shown to be the main reasons for hospitalisation of children in Australia in 2015 [5]. us, Early childhood caries (ECC) leads to temporary pain, but more importantly has major effects on the quality of life of the family/caregivers including financial and health implications [6, 7]. e aim of this review article is to present the state of the art of the epidemiology, aetiology, characteristics of primary dentition, risk factors, general recommendations, and strategies for prevention of ECC
Summary
Childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide. Orthodontic problems, and enamel defects, and problems with eating and speaking can occur as well as an increased risk for caries development in the permanent dentition [3]. Premature loss of primary dentition often leads to orthodontic problems in adult life [4]. Children are affected, and parents will be influenced by this disease being the responsible caregivers [3, 4]. Us, ECC leads to temporary pain, but more importantly has major effects on the quality of life of the family/caregivers including financial and health implications [6, 7]. E aim of this review article is to present the state of the art of the epidemiology, aetiology, characteristics of primary dentition, risk factors, general recommendations, and strategies for prevention of ECC Dental problems were shown to be the main reasons for hospitalisation of children in Australia in 2015 [5]. us, ECC leads to temporary pain, but more importantly has major effects on the quality of life of the family/caregivers including financial and health implications [6, 7]. e aim of this review article is to present the state of the art of the epidemiology, aetiology, characteristics of primary dentition, risk factors, general recommendations, and strategies for prevention of ECC
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