Abstract
BackgroundUrine, as a potential biomarker source among body fluids, can accumulate many early changes in the body due to the lack of mechanisms to maintain a homeostatic state. This study aims to detect early changes in the urinary proteome in a rat liver tumour model.MethodsThe tumour model was established with the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cell line (W256). Urinary proteins at days 3, 5, 7 and 11 were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared with controls, differential proteins were selected. Associations of differential proteins with cancer were retrieved.ResultsAt days 3, 5, 7 and 11, five, fifteen, eleven and twelve differential proteins were identified, respectively. Some of the differential proteins were reported to be associated with liver cancer. This differential urinary protein pattern was different from the patterns in W256 subcutaneous, lung metastasis and intracerebral tumour models.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that (1) early changes in urinary proteins can be found in the rat liver tumour model; (2) urinary proteins can be used to differentiate the same tumour cells grown in different organs.
Highlights
Liver cancer is the third-ranking cause of cancer mortality in the world (Chen et al, 2017; Chiou & Lee, 2016)
This study aims to discover early urinary proteins changes in the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cell line (W256) liver tumour model and investigate the ability of the urine proteome to differentiate the same tumour cells grown in different organs
The comparison details for (1), (2), and (3): 127, 139 and 102 differential urinary proteins were identified in these models, respectively; all the differential urinary proteins were compared with the W256 liver tumour model; the biological processes of these proteins were compared with the W256 liver tumour model at early stages
Summary
Liver cancer is the third-ranking cause of cancer mortality in the world (Chen et al, 2017; Chiou & Lee, 2016). The early detection may prevent metastatic processes, which can significantly improve survival rates for cancer patients. Liver cancer diagnosis mainly relies on detection with imaging equipment (such as ultrasound, CT and MRI) and biomarkers. This study aims to detect early changes in the urinary proteome in a rat liver tumour model. Associations of differential proteins with cancer were retrieved. Some of the differential proteins were reported to be associated with liver cancer. This differential urinary protein pattern was different from the patterns in W256 subcutaneous, lung metastasis and intracerebral tumour models. This study demonstrates that (1) early changes in urinary proteins can be found in the rat liver tumour model; (2) urinary proteins can be used to differentiate the same tumour cells grown in different organs
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