Abstract
BackgroundThe effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not assessed within the first 10 years postpartum, regardless of subsequent diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of CVD events related to GDM within 7 years of postpartum.MethodsThis nationwide population-based study of deliveries in 2007 and 2008 with a follow-up of 7 years was based on data from the French medico-administrative database. Two groups were formed: women with a history of GDM and women without GDM or previous diabetes. CVD included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, carotid endarterectomy and fibrinolysis. Hypertensive disease was assessed separately. Determinants studied included age, obesity, subsequent diabetes mellitus and hypertensive diseases during pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratios for outcomes were calculated using multiple logistic regressions.ResultsThe hospital database recorded 1,518,990 deliveries in 2007 and 2008. Among these, 62,958 women had a history of GDM. After adjusting for age, DM, obesity and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, GDM was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD (adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 1.25 [1.09–1.43]). Considering each variable in a separate model, GDM was associated with angina pectoris (aOR = 1.68 [1.29–2.20]), myocardial infarction (aOR = 1.92 [1.36–2.71]) and hypertension (aOR = 2.72 [2.58–2.88]) but not with stroke.ConclusionsA history of GDM was identified as a risk factor of CVD, especially coronary vascular diseases, within the 7 years postpartum. A lifestyle changes from postpartum onwards can be recommended and supported.
Highlights
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not assessed within the first 10 years postpartum, regardless of subsequent diabetes
Most women return to normoglycemia, but a substantial proportion of them experiences the emergence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
The principal complications of T2DM are cardiovascular diseases [7] (CVD), the risk of which is potentiated by obesity, oral contraceptives and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [5, 8,9,10,11,12,13]
Summary
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is not assessed within the first 10 years postpartum, regardless of subsequent diabetes. The proportion reaches around 50 % within 10 years [3] and around 70 % 28 years postpartum [4, 5] This is why GDM has been identified as a category of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by the American Diabetes Association [6]. The principal complications of T2DM are cardiovascular diseases [7] (CVD), the risk of which is potentiated by obesity, oral contraceptives and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy [5, 8,9,10,11,12,13]. The risk of coronary artery disease is four to six times higher in diabetic women [5]
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