Early cardiac changes related to radiation therapy

Abstract

To investigate the incidence and severity of possible radiation-induced cardiac changes, 21 women without heart disease were investigated serially by echocardiography and by measuring systolic time intervals before and up to 6 months after postoperative radiation therapy because of breast cancer. Radiation was associated with a decrease in fractional systolic shortening of the left ventricular (LV) minor-axis diameter, from 0.35 ± 0.05 to 0.32 ± 0.06 (p < 0.005), and in the systolic blood pressure/end-systolic diameter ratio, from 4.4 ± 1.2 to 3.9 ± 0.9 mm Hg/mm (p < 0.005). The mitral E point-septal separation increased, from 2.8 ± 1.5 to 4.2 ± 2.5 mm (p < 0.005). The preejection period/LV ejection time ratio of systolic time intervals increased, but only the decrease within 6 months after therapy was significant (p < 0.005). All these changes reflect slight transient depression of LV function, which became normalized within 6 months after therapy. Up to 6 months after therapy, a slight pericardial effusion was found in 33% of the patients. Hence, conventional radiation therapy appeared to cause an acute transient and usually symptomless decrease in LV function, and later, slight pericardial effusion in one-third of the patients.