Abstract
This paper extended the Vickrey’s point-queue model to study the early bird parking mechanism during morning commute peak hours. We not only investigated how commuters choose departure times in view of morning commute traffic congestion and the discounted early bird parking fee, but also analyzed the conditions which are determined for the existence of the user equilibrium in the analysis model provided in this paper. Moreover, the tendency of the total queuing time and the incremental parking pricing revenue was derived along with the different choice strategy between early bird parkers (ERPs) and regular parkers (RPs). The results showed that the number of commuters was jointly determined by the desired time and the bottleneck capacity for different schedules. Additionally, the method of fare incentive showed a better effect on reducing queue than the initial no-incentive method with the instantaneous travel demand. Most importantly, the incremental parking revenue can be increased by properly adjusting the parking pricing gap between ERPs and RPs. Our research not only provided several important propositions for the early bird parking mechanism but also included the optimal solutions for optimal parking pricing and schedule gap in two groups of parkers. This work is expected to promote the development of early bird parking to mitigate morning commute traffic congestion and motivate the related research of schedule coordination for regulating parking choice behavior in morning peak hours.
Highlights
Urban parking management (UPM) has emerged as a very complicated and intractable problem in recent years following a renewed interest in rapid urbanism and growing environmental pollution, terrible congestion, and economic concerns, especially with the development of new mobility services and technologies, which bring the convenience and efficiency of parking and transportation demand management while increasing the imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the morning peak hours
Based on the research of our previous study [9] for Vickrey’s bottleneck model, we found that the congestion condition during morning peak hours can be affected by the commuting demand, and restricted by parking management
Inspired by the previous bi-arrival bottleneck model [9], we focused on the research of management solutions such as the early bird parking strategy to optimize the traffic cost for morning commutes under the consideration of congestion and parking
Summary
Urban parking management (UPM) has emerged as a very complicated and intractable problem in recent years following a renewed interest in rapid urbanism and growing environmental pollution, terrible congestion, and economic concerns, especially with the development of new mobility services and technologies, which bring the convenience and efficiency of parking and transportation demand management while increasing the imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the morning peak hours. The new paradigm for the parking solution in mono-centric cities which favor a reduced parking supply more than a sharing strategy of parking facilities, more efficient regulations and pricing policies, and incentives in public transit modes has become a hot research direction of UPM. It includes strategies such as improved user information [8], more convenient payment systems, and improved travel options. Inspired by the previous bi-arrival bottleneck model [9], we focused on the research of management solutions such as the early bird parking strategy to optimize the traffic cost for morning commutes under the consideration of congestion and parking.
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