Abstract
A 78-year-old woman with a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and carcinoid heart disease (CHD) underwent PFO closure and replacement of the tricuspid valve (TV) and pulmonary valve (PV) with bioprostheses [27 and 21 mm, respectively (Carpentier Edwards Perimount; Edwards Lifesciences, LLC, Irvine, CA, USA)]. Pre-surgically, she had markedly elevated serotonin (472 ng/mL), urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5–HIAA) (37 mg/24 h), and chromogranin A (3010 ng/mL). Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) showed normal function, with minimal regurgitation …
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