Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) is suggested as a novel marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Despite increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients, the extent of the relationship between CIMT and EATT is unknown. The main purpose of our study was to evaluate the relation between EATT and CIMT in normotensive ADPKD patients with well-preserved renal function. Fifty-five normotensive ADPKD patients with normal renal function and 50 healthy control subjects were included in the study. EATT and CIMT were measured by echocardiography in all subjects. Correlation between EATT and CIMT was evaluated in ADPKD patients, while multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors predicting EATT and CIMT. ADPKD patients had significantly higher levels CIMT [0.7 (0.4–1.2) vs. 0.5 (0.4–0.8) mm, p < 0.001] and EATT (6.8 ± 2.7 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 mm, p < 0.001) as compared with control subjects. Significant positive correlation was found between EATT and CIMT (r = 0.58, p < 0.001). Higher CRP levels (OR 54.7, 95 % CI 37.44–72.01, p < 0.001) and having ADPKD (OR 10.2, 95 % CI 2.53–17.86, p = 0.01) were the only independent factors associated with a higher EATT. A higher age (OR 0.35, 95 % CI −0.02 to 0.71, p = 0.06) tended to be independently associated with a higher EATT. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EATT, being simply measured by echocardiography and correlated with CIMT, can be used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis in normotensive ADPKD patients.
Highlights
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common hereditary diseases, is an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Schrier 2006; Ecder and Schrier 2009), while frequently associated with cardiovascular diseases as the leadingEndothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early and reversible manifestation of atherosclerosis with multifactorial etiology
ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) (CIMT) carotid intima-media thickness, EAT epicardial adipose tissue, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) high sensitive C-reactive protein, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein a Blood pressure measurements were performed at the office
ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, GFR glomerular filtration rate, hs-CRP high sensitive C-reactive protein, LDL low density lipoprotein and epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) levels were higher in ADPKD patients as compared with controls
Summary
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), one of the most common hereditary diseases, is an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Schrier 2006; Ecder and Schrier 2009), while frequently associated with cardiovascular diseases as the leadingEndothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early and reversible manifestation of atherosclerosis with multifactorial etiology. Sag et al SpringerPlus (2016) 5:211 role in the early phases of cardiovascular injury identified in the pathogenesis of ADPKD (Schrier 2006; Turkmen et al 2008; Yildiz et al 2014). In this regard, identification of the mechanisms responsible for ED becomes important given the likelihood of early treatment and improved cardiovascular prognosis among affected ADPKD patients (Ecder and Schrier 2009; Peterson et al 2013). On the basis of its strong correlation with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, and subclinical atherosclerosis (Polak et al 2011; Iacobellis and Willens 2009); echocardiographic measurement of epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) has been indicated to be a potential marker of atherosclerosis and of CIMT and might be used as a simple tool for predicting cardiometabolic risk (Polak et al 2011; Iacobellis and Willens 2009; Altun et al 2014; Chaowalit et al 2006)
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