Early and long-term consequences for newborns with fetus growth retardation. Retrospective study data for 2019–2021

Abstract

Introduction. The urgency of the problem of fetal growth retardation is beyond doubt. To date, it has been established that IUGR complicates 15% of all pregnancies in the world, increasing to 25% with a burdened obstetric and gynecological history and complicated pregnancy. According to a number of studies, it is known that FGR leads at a later age to the development of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Objective. To identify clinical and anamnestic risk factors for the development of IUGR and assess early neonatal health outcomes for newborns with various forms of IUGR (early and late).Materials and methods. The work was based on a retrospective review of maps, including 2000 birth histories of women who gave birth at the Center from 2019 to 2021. We selected 145 birth histories with IUGR, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 66 birth histories with a normal pregnancy. Short-term outcomes of IUGR were analyzed on the basis of data from medical records of newborns, long-term outcomes of IUGR were determined after a subsequent study of 64 cases of children at 12 months old, observed on the territory of the Center’s children’s polyclinic Results. Significant clinical risk factors for the implementation of IGR should include: maternal BMI, pregnancy-induced hypertension/preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus against the background of normal maternal weight and height, and oligohydramnios. Among infants with IGR, an increase in complications such as respiratory failure, myocardial hypertrophy, circulatory failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and an increase in infant mortality. Conclusions. IGR has a significant adverse effect on the health of the fetus and newborn and its long-term prognosis. Newborns with growth retardation have higher morbidity and mortality, require longer hospital stays, and consequently require higher hospital costs