Early American Literature and American Literary History at the "Hemispheric Turn"

Abstract

As several contributors to this issue have noted, the field of early American literary studies was born with the “Puritan origins” model in which the significance of early American (particularly Puritan New England’s) literary and cultural productions was often appreciated mainly in terms of what they contributed to the later national (literary) culture of the US during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the 1990s, however, early Americanists issued their “declaration of independence” from the literary history of the American nation-state, objecting that the proto-nationalist paradigm is anachronistic and had done a disservice to a full appreciation of the rich and diverse cultural productions of the colonial Americas, which included not only geographical and cultural areas outside Puritan New England (such as Catholic Maryland) but also geographical areas not now part of the US (such as the Caribbean or Canada). One of the ironies of this declaration of independence from the proto-nationalist “origins” model, however, has been that early American literature has once again become British. Early Americanists have redefined their field as the “literature of British America,” engaging in more and more dialogue with their colleagues, not in American but rather in English Renaissance and eighteenth-century studies, while their colleagues in these fields, inspired by the postcolonial studies movement, have been interested in issues of empire and colonialism. Although the rejection of the “origins” model in early American literary studies has greatly energized the field and its