Early-Age Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Mortar with Spent Garnet.

Szymon Skibicki,Daniel Sibera,Krzysztof Cendrowski,Patrycja Jakubowska,Maria Kaszyńska,Marcin Hoffmann

doi:10.3390/ma15010100

Szymon Skibicki, Daniel Sibera + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010100

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Abstract

This study determines the effect of spent garnet as a replacement for natural sand in 3D-printed mortar at early ages. Five mixes with different spent garnet amounts were prepared (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% by volume). The ratio of binder to aggregate remained unchanged. In all mixes the water/binder ratio was assumed as a constant value of 0.375. Tests were performed to confirm the printability of the mix (a path quality test using a gantry robot with an extruder). Determinations of key buildability properties of the mix (green strength and Young’s Modulus) during uniaxial compressive strength at 15 min, 30 min and 45 min after adding water were conducted. A hydraulic press and the GOM ARAMIS precision image analysis system were used to conduct the study. The results showed that an increase in spent garnet content caused a decrease in green strength and Young’s Modulus (up to 69.91% and 80.37%, respectively). It was found that to maintain proper buildability, the recommended maximum replacement rate of natural sand with garnet is 50%. This research contributes new knowledge in terms of using recycled waste in the 3D printing technology of cementitious materials.

Highlights

Academic Editor: Lizhi SunIssues with material properties play a key role in 3D printing technology
Samples were at 15 given min, Thesystem initial test a print path quality was performed to thetested procedure and3.1
This paper examines the effect of spent garnet as a replacement for natural sand in

Summary

Introduction

Academic Editor: Lizhi SunIssues with material properties play a key role in 3D printing technology. Roussel et al [16,17] and Secrieru et al [18] tried to determine the properties of fresh mix using basic parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) found in rheological models. Other researchers proposed different models for determining the behavior of the mix based on classical rheological parameters (Perrot [19], Roussel [20]). Another approach is the use of methods related to soil mechanics [14,21,22,23]

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