Abstract
A numerical frontal impact sled model which consisted of driver side cockpit and elderly human body model was constructed for the optimal design of safety restraint system, i.e., air bag and seat belt. The objective function in this optimization process was to minimize the chest injury risk while keeping the other injury risks, i.e., HIC and femur load under the thresholds. There were three design variables for the restraint design, i.e., peak force of the shoulder belt load limiter, the firing time of pretensioner/airbag, and the vent hole size. It was confirmed that a lower restraining force and hence the earlier airbag/pretensioner firing time to capture more excursive upper body compared to the younger driver were needed to mitigate the chest injury risk of the elderly driver.
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