E14 Is there a correlation between inflammation and cardiovascular risk in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease and, like any chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, has an increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Objectives In this work, we investigated the relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular risk during JIA. Methods This was a retrospective study including adults with long-standing JIA according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria over a period of 28 years (1994–2022). Clinical and biological parameters were collected. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) were also assessed: family history of cardiovascular event, physical inactivity, smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity. Results We included 29 patients (17 females and 12 males) with an average age of 35.69 ± 11.72 [18–61] years, an average age of disease onset of 11.10 ± 4.25 [2–16] years and an average diagnostic delay of 52.96 ± 95.97 [0–336] months. The average disease duration was 24.48 ± 12.76 [1–47] years. Mean C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were 42.74 ± 63.37 [2–218] mg/l and 69.67 ± 36.23 [36–108] mm/h. A biological inflammatory syndrome was noted in 65.5% of cases (n = 19). CVRF were present in 41.4% (n = 12) of cases: family history of cardiovascular event (n = 2 cases), physical inactivity (n = 5 cases), smoking (n = 3 cases), arterial hypertension (n = 4 cases), diabetes (n = 4 cases), dyslipidaemia (n = 4), and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (n = 4). Our statistical study concluded that CVRF (all types) were more frequent in case of elevated inflammation markers (60% vs 15.4%; P = 0.016). In addition, the presence of biological inflammatory syndrome associated with smoking in our population (20% vs 0%; P = 0.048). In contrast, we found no significant difference when comparing the rest of CVRF according to the elevation of inflammation markers. Furthermore, we found a correlation between biological inflammation and the presence of CVRF (all type) (r = 0.456; P = 0.015). However, no correlation was found with the CVRF taken separately. Conclusion Inflammation is correlated with cardiovascular risk in JIA. Control of inflammation and modifiable CVRF is recommended in this disease.