Abstract
This paper presents a compact antenna based on two different metamaterial resonators, the E-shape resonators and the interdigital resonators, suitable for biomedical implant applications. The proposed antennas operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands in the frequency band of 2.4–2.5 GHz. The integration of metamaterial (MTM) into the design led to the reduced size of these antennas and gaining enhancement. The overall size of the proposed antennas is $$8\times 7\times 1.27{\mathrm{mm}}^{3}$$ . The implantable antennas contain two layers of the substrate; the lower layer comprises the MTM resonators and the upper, superstrate layer. The antennas are designed and simulated by the software simulator HFSS. To study the performance of the proposed antennas, the reflection coefficient and gain are determined. In order to observe the exposure of electromagnetic energy to human tissues, the specific absorption rates (SARs) of the proposed antennas are also calculated in the layer model. The results of the proposed antennas are acceptable and suitable for biomedical applications and human body safety through the values obtained from SARs.
Highlights
The implantable medical devices (IMDs) play an important role in telemetry
To validate the results of the proposed antenna obtained with High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), we designed the same antenna structure with CST software
The simulation results are shifted as can be seen from the figure, the return loss is -24.34 dB and -32.09 dB before the addition of the E-shape resonators in HFSS and CST, respectively
Summary
The implantable medical devices (IMDs) play an important role in telemetry. They allow the transmission of information from inside the human body to the base station Fig.1 [1]. A variety of techniques have been proposed like a high dielectric constant material [6], loading shorting pins to connect the patch and the ground [7], metamaterial split ring resonator (SRR)[8]. Two metamaterials resonators embedded antenna are proposed, E-shape resonators and E-interdigital, for use in multiple bio-telemetry applications in the upper-frequency band of ISM 2.4-2.5 GHz. Adding the two proposed resonators are designed on the substrate layer of the proposed antenna and simulated in different human layers tissues such as the skin, fat, and muscle
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