Eру development of the technologies of national dwelling construction of peasants of Poltav’s governorship XIX - beginning XX, as a ponderable contribution in the material and architectural culture of the region

Abstract

The main point in studying history is the material culture. It brings in itself a multyfunctionality, it is a valuable source of studying of processes of the ethnogenesys. Dwelling can considered one of the main thing ethno cultural, economical everyday development of the population; it is an element of an identity of the rural population, the ethnical primary base. It can observe as one of the main components of the ethno-cultural processes, which study not only principle of the building of dwelling, using building materials which are immanent for concrete district planning, relation with other buildings, but as a big heritage of spirituality. However for each person, house is a whole space where "life" traditions and spiritual values which are immanent for each family. 
 Reforming of rural construction in general depended from appearance and using of different building materials, skills, knowledge and practices of folk masters. There were theirs peculiarities in each regions. In construction of wells in a shape of roof and methods of its covering, in a shapes of beam brackets in design windows and doors, in artistic decoration. Poltav’s governorship featured by felled houses special quadrangular shape of the roof, by "konuks" at the ends of brackets , special shape of a door in some regions. In some regions of the Northern Poltava’s region to the rear façade of a house a long and narrow extension was building out ("prupysnutsia"): it used for placing cattle.
 For Ukrainian people hut always was not only a shelter from weather. There was creating life in it, every day existence with their happiness, sadness and worries. It is a whole direction in studying of material culture which demands detailed investigation not only for historical memory, but fora spiritual outlook of the modern population. 
 The article open an important component of material culture - a development of the national construction of dwelling, which is reflects a concrete historical development of a certain part of the population, community, large spiritual and cultural element with an essential feature of identity.