Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) generate nicotine containing aerosols for inhalation and have emerged as a popular tobacco product among adolescents and young adults, yet little is known about their health effects due to their relatively recent introduction. Few studies have assessed the long-term effects of inhaling E-cigarette smoke or vapor. Here, we show that two months of E-cigarette exposure causes suppression of bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, the common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were decreased in E-cig exposed animals compared to air exposed mice. Competitive reconstitution in bone marrow transplants was not affected by two months of E-cig exposure. When air and E-cig exposed mice were challenged with an inflammatory stimulus using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), competitive fitness between the two groups was not significantly different. However, mice transplanted with bone marrow from E-cigarette plus LPS exposed mice had elevated monocytes in their peripheral blood at five months post-transplant indicating a myeloid bias similar to responses of aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to an acute inflammatory challenge. We also investigated whether E-cigarette exposure enhances the selective advantage of hematopoietic cells with myeloid malignancy associated mutations. E-cigarette exposure for one month slightly increased JAK2V617F mutant cells in peripheral blood but did not have an impact on TET2−/− cells. Altogether, our findings reveal that chronic E-cigarette exposure for two months alters the bone marrow HSPC populations but does not affect HSC reconstitution in primary transplants.
Highlights
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes or E-cigs) or the electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)emerged as a popular alternative to conventional tobacco smoking with currently 10 million adult and over 5 million middle and high school students using E-cigarettes in the US [1,2]
Because the clonal hematologic disorders myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are associated with smoking history, we evaluated if E-cigarette exposure increases the selective advantage of Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) carrying MPN and CHIP associated mutations
We found that two months of nose-only exposure to nicotine containing E-cigarette smoke did not impact peripheral blood counts (Figure 1A–C) nor did it result in an increased percentage of neutrophils (Figure 1D)
Summary
Emerged as a popular alternative to conventional tobacco smoking with currently 10 million adult and over 5 million middle and high school students using E-cigarettes in the US [1,2]. The availability of a variety of flavorings in the E-cigarette liquid make it further appealing to youth users. Cancers 2020, 12, 2292 increases the risk for nicotine addiction and impacts normal brain development among adolescents and increases the likelihood of smoking tobacco cigarettes, adversely reversing progress made in declining youth tobacco use [3,4]. The dramatic increase in E-cigarette popularity among adults and more concerningly in adolescents has led to the urgent need to investigate the health-related effects of. Traditional cigarette smoking is known to affect peripheral blood cell counts causing neutrophilia and erythrocytosis [7,8]
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