Dysregulation of Myt1 expression acts as a potential peripheral biomarker for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are among the most debilitating mental conditions. Diagnostic criteria for MDD include psychological and physical symptoms, such as low mood and changes in appetite or sleep, respectively. BPD in addition to periods of depression represents episodes of mania or hypomania, and elevation in mood and energy levels are associated with this condition. Dysregulation in adult neurogenesis and myelination have been reported in psychiatric disorders. As a key factor in neurogenesis, it was hypothesized that Myt1 gene expression may be altered in these conditions. Using Real-time PCR, Myt1 expression level in 100 MDD patients and 100 BPD patients, compared with healthy control (HC) individuals was evaluated. Results demonstrate significant downregulation of Myt1 in MDD and BPD. Logistic regression analysis and binary classification evaluation reveal potential risk factor and biomarker characteristics of Myt1, respectively. Moreover, forward and backward digit span results denote a significant reduction in the function of working memory (WM) of MDD and BPD subjects. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between Myt1 downregulation and WM disruption in the affected individuals. In conclusion, due to its altered role in neurogenesis, downregulation of Myt1 can be associated with the pathology of MDD and BPD.