Abstract
The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases is increasing all over the world. Insulin resistance has been proposed as one major factor of the Metabolic syndrome (MetS) that ultimately leads to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The relationship between iron status and MetS has been scarcely described. This mini-review presents on one hand the existing knowledge on the effects of excess body iron (iron overload) on insulin resistance and on the other the link between hyperglycemia and alterations in iron metabolism.
Highlights
Iron is a micronutrient involved in many organic functions
Once iron is absorbed, iron excess is not efficiently regulated by excretion mechanisms, as serum transferrin becomes saturated and the excess occurs as nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI) that may induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result toxic (Figure 1, number 3) [13]
Iron excess is not efficiently regulated by excretion mechanisms, as serum transferrin becomes saturated and the excess occurs as nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI). 4
Summary
Iron is a micronutrient involved in many organic functions. It is essential for the oxygen transport and participates in numerous enzymatic systems related to cellular respiration, synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as others involved in antioxidant defense and immunity. Once iron is absorbed, iron excess is not efficiently regulated by excretion mechanisms, as serum transferrin becomes saturated and the excess occurs as nontransferrin bound iron (NTBI) that may induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result toxic (Figure 1, number 3) [13]. 7. Iron excess increases the presence of free fatty acids, major gluconeogenesis substrates contributing to increase even more the liver insulin resistance and the hyperglycemia.
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