Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death and disability not only in countries with a high degree of socio-economic development but also in low-middle income countries. The study of atherosclerosis and the strategies to control ASCVD are in progress. All strategies emphasize the need for lowering LDL cholesterol through appropriate lifestyle and use of lipid-lowering drugs, mainly statins. The mode of approach is variable. Statin therapy is recommended in secondary prevention, whereas use in primary prevention is still a matter of debate. The guidelines provided by international panels serve as a reference in clinical practice but, as stated by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), do not replace the physician's clinical judgment.
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