Abstract
IntroductionAcross the globe, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a healthcare problem. Dyslipidemia, a cardiovascular risk factor, is known to occur with the progression of HIV infection. The factors which influence dyslipidemia in HIV subjects have not been completely identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum lipids and identify the factors which might influence dyslipidemia in treatment-naïve HIV subjects in Owerri, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of treatment-naïve HIV subjects. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected. Serum LDL serum cholesterol, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum triglyceride, spot urine creatinine, spot urine osmolality, spot urine protein, serum creatinine, 24-hour urine protein, 24-hour urine osmolality, 24-hour urine creatinine, creatinine clearance and hemoglobin were conducted. The variables were compared between those who have dyslipidemia and those who have no dyslipidemia.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 39 ± 11 years. Females constituted 72.0% and males 28.0%. Elevated serum LDL was present in 17.6%, elevated serum total cholesterol in 11.4%, elevated serum triglyceride in 9.9% and low serum HDL in 34.4% of the subjects. There was significant association between dyslipidemia and CD4 cells count, as well as anemia. There was no significant association between dyslipidemia and urine protein, urine creatinine, urine osmolality, creatinine clearance, as well as 24-hour urine volume.ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidemia was high in the study subjects. Abnormal CD4 cells count and anemia were common in treatment-naïve HIV subjects who have dyslipidemia.
Highlights
Across the globe, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a healthcare problem
No significant association was observed between dyslipidemia and ClCr (p = 0.579), 24-hour urine protein (24HUP) (p = 0.256) as well as 24hour urine osmolality (24HUOsm) (p = 0.451) (Table 2)
There was no significant correlation between dyslipidemia and SCr, spot urine protein (SUP), spot urine creatinine (SUCr), spot urine osmolality (SUOsm), ClCr, 24HUP, 24-hour urine creatinine (24HUCr) as well as 24HUOsm
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a healthcare problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum lipids and identify the factors which might influence dyslipidemia in treatment-naïve HIV subjects in Owerri, Nigeria. Elevated serum LDL, elevated serum total cholesterol, elevated serum triglyceride and low serum HDL, in isolation or in combination and known as abnormal serum lipids, define dyslipidemia [6,7,8]. There is a paucity of studies on dyslipidemia and its associated factors in treatment-naïve HIV subjects in Nigeria. As a result of this, we have embarked on this study to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and identify the factors, including indices of renal impairment, which may influence dyslipidemia, targeting to institute early intervention measures to whittle down adverse cardiovascular consequences in HIV subjects at the early stage of the infection
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