Abstract
To investigate the dynamics of a bubble induced on a finite rigid boundary in water, a simple experimental method based on laser beam transmission probe is developed to measure the time dependence of the bubble’s radius on a finite metallic surface under different incident laser energies, and a numerical method is employed to simulate the bubble’s first collapse. A correction factor based on the Raleigh collapse time formula is proposed to describe the collapse time of the bubble induced on a finite rigid boundary. The experimental and simulation results show that the correction factor is slightly different for the bubble’s first and subsequent two oscillations, and its detailed expression is obtained from the experimental and simulation results. The experimental results show that the conversion efficiency of the incident laser energy into bubble energy increases with the former, and the ratio of the energy left for subsequent bubble oscillation increases with the number of bubble oscillation.
Highlights
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been widely studied because of its diversified applications, such as underwater laser machining,[1] treatment for kidney stones,[2] laser propulsion in water,[3] and producing nanoparticle colloids with ligand-free surfaces.[4]
In order to investigate the dynamics of a bubble induced on a finite rigid boundary, the time dependence of the bubble’s radius needs to be experimentally measured
We present a simple measuring method, based on the principle of laser beam transmission probe (LBTP) technology, to detect the dynamics of a bubble induced on a finite metallic surface in water
Summary
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been widely studied because of its diversified applications, such as underwater laser machining,[1] treatment for kidney stones,[2] laser propulsion in water,[3] and producing nanoparticle colloids with ligand-free surfaces.[4] Cavitation bubbles, as a common attendant phenomenon of PLAL, have garnered widespread interest among researchers. When a highintensity laser pulse is focused on a material in water, some material at the laser’s focal area melts and evaporates after absorbing the laser energy, and plasma is formed at the laser’s focal area due to optical breakdown.[6,7] The plasma expansion is always accompanied by the emission of a shock wave and the generation of a bubble.[8,9] At first, the bubble continues to expand outward until all its initial kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. The bubble collapses under the external pressure of the liquid. The bubble oscillates several times before its final collapse,[11] and a liquid jet is generated after the bubble’s final collapse
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