Dynamics of Transit Oriented Development, Role of Greenhouse Gases and Urban Environment: A Study for Management and Policy

Liaqat Ali,Yong Bai,Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah,Ahsan Nawaz,Shahid Iqbal,Muhammad Aamir Basheer,Gadah Albasher,Javaria Hameed

doi:10.3390/su13052536

Abstract

The emission and mitigation of greenhouse gases transforms the status of urban environments. However, a policy accounting for all the aspects associated with transport is lacking. Problems related to transport include a greater reliance on cars, increased congestion, and environmental impacts. The absence of an efficient public transport system is a notable cause of the prompt escalation of diverse problems, for example, increases in the number of personal automobiles causes congestion on the road, resulting in air pollution, ubiquitous greenhouse effects and noise pollution, which ultimately affect human health. Transit oriented development (TOD) has been suggested as a solution to these problems. This paper reviews the impacts of transit development on urban development, greenhouse impact, the environment, economy, property value, travel behavior, and health etc., highlighting the policy issues which hinder TOD. Implementation of TOD has a strong impact on shaping the urban form, redevelopment, and the upgradation of old areas. Controlling transit phenomena will also help to control the emission and mitigation of greenhouse gases. This study will help in improving the urban environment and climatic condition of regions.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilThe development of a transportation system and a policy for public transport is beneficial for the environment
The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions transforms the status of the urban environment
Greenhouse gas emissions affect the climatic pattern of the region and Transit Oriented Development (TOD)

Summary

Introduction

The development of a transportation system and a policy for public transport is beneficial for the environment. The level of convenience and public health are major concerns. Eco-friendly transportation is an important aspect of the development of any community and in recent years transit-oriented development (TOD) has gained increasing significance. Transit-oriented development aims to achieve the production of practical, blended-use, pedestrian-friendly urban neighborhoods that incorporate travel, lodging, schools, parks, and other social and monetary enhancements, benefitting various associated groups . TOD battles urban sprawl by utilizing dynamic arranging systems, for example, savvy development and green buildings, and by providing access to make transportation decisions instead of using a car. TOD tends to be implemented in well-to-do, white, rural neighborhoods around recently introduced suburbanite rail lines as opposed to in low-wage, nonwhite, inward city neighborhoods that effectively already iations

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